The Relationship Between Workplace Demands and Occupational Safety Behavior Among Clean-Area Production Employees in Poultry Processing Companies
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Abstract
The clean-area section of the poultry processing industry is characterized by stringent hygiene standards, a fast-paced work environment, repetitive tasks, and exposure to cold temperatures (12–15°C). Consequently, workplace demands are relevant to employees occupational safety behavior. This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace demands and four dimensions of occupational safety behavior: safety compliance, safety participation, safety initiatives, and safety awareness among clean-area production employees in poultry processing companies. An analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study population comprised all clean-area production employees across three poultry processing company units in Indonesia, located in Deli Serdang, Sidoarjo, and Maros. Using total sampling, 349 respondents were included in the study. Data were collected using the COPSOQ II questionnaire to assess workplace demands and the Occupational Safety Behavior Scale adapted from Supardi (2021). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Spearman’s rho analysis revealed significant positive relationships between workplace demands and safety compliance (rs = 0.240; p = 0.000), safety participation (rs = 0.458; p = 0.000), safety initiatives (rs = 0.197; p = 0.000), and safety awareness (rs = 0.400; p = 0.000). The PLS-SEM model demonstrated variations in the strength of these relationships, with safety participation emerging as the most strongly associated dimension (β = 0.496; t = 12.898), followed by safety awareness (β = 0.403; t = 9.735), safety compliance (β = 0.252; t = 5.195), and safety initiatives (β = 0.179; t = 3.696). These findings indicate that workplace demands are significantly associated with all dimensions of occupational safety behavior, with the strongest relationship observed for safety participation. Company management should therefore implement workload-management measures, including micro-breaks, while strengthening a collective culture of employee participation in occupational safety and health initiatives.
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