Reconstructing Administrative Remedies from the Perspective of Administrative Justice Principles and Legal Certainty
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55885/jprsp.v6i1.841Keywords:
Administrative Efforts, Legal Certainty, Administrative Justice, Legal Reconstruction, Good GovernanceAbstract
This study examines the legal uncertainty arising from the disharmony between Law No. 5 of 1986 on Administrative Courts, Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, and PERMA No. 6 of 2018 on Guidelines for the Settlement of Government Administrative Disputes. The overlapping norms in these three regulations have caused confusion regarding the mandatory nature of administrative efforts, the finality of decisions, and the procedural consequences for citizens' rights to sue. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using a legal hermeneutic model to find the compatibility between norms and government practices. The results show that the administrative appeal system in Indonesia does not yet guarantee procedural certainty and substantive justice because it lacks uniform national standards regarding objection mechanisms, deadlines, and the independence of reviewing officials. The system is reconstructed by combining the theories of Administrative Justice and the Legal Certainty Framework, which emphasize the principles of norm clarity, proportionality, and procedural accountability. The proposed design includes a digital one-stop portal, written justification requirements, independent oversight, and the establishment of nationwide implementing regulations. The results of this study provide a conceptual contribution to the reform of Indonesian administrative law while strengthening the rule of law through fair, efficient, and transparent administrative efforts.
References
Albertsworth, E. F. (1921). Judicial Review of Administrative Action by the Federal Supreme Court. Harvard Law Review, 35(2), 127-153. https://doi.org/10.2307/1328196
Allagan, T.M.P. and Simbolon, P.G.M. (2024) “The Cooling-Off Period Under the International Investment Law Regime in the Indonesian Regulations Context,” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 9(2), 835–866. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v9i2.19153
Androniceanu, A. (2021). Transparency in public administration as a challenge for a good democratic governance. Revista» Administratie si Management Public «(RAMP), (36), 149-164.
Anisah, S. and Hadi, S. (2023) “The Human Right to a Fair Trial in Competition Law Enforcement Procedures: A Rising Issue in Indonesian Experiences,” Laws, 12(3), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws12030055
Ariky, I.M., Rato, D. and Setyawan, F. (2024) “Transforming Administrative Justice Insights Indonesian State Dispute Resolution,” Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies, 25(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21070/ijins.v25i2.1073
Aritonang, D. M., Trilestari, E. W., & Gedeona, H. T. (2025). The Influences of Post-Enactment of Government Administration Act on the Conception of Administrative Decisions in Indonesia. SAGE Open, 15(3), 21582440251356782. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251356782
Bernot, A. et al. (2024) “Institutional Dimensions in Open Government Data: A Deep Dive Into Indonesia’s Satu Data Initiative and Its Implications for Developing Countries,” Public Performance & Management Review, 47(6), 1399–1429. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2024.2377609
Bingham, L. B. (2010). The next generation of administrative law: building the legal infrastructure for collaborative governance. Wis. L. Rev., 297.
Brook, O., Cseres, K. J., & Van Rompuy, B. (2023). Abolishing Formal Complaints? Balancing Technical Expertise and Efficiency with Democratic Accountability in the European Commission’s Decision-Making. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 14(8), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpad056
Busch, P. A., Henriksen, H. Z., & Sæbø, Ø. (2018). Opportunities and challenges of digitized discretionary practices: a public service worker perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.003
Cassese, S. (Ed.). (2016). Research handbook on global administrative law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783478460
Fenwick, S. (2008). Administrative law and judicial review in Indonesia: The search for accountability. In Administrative Law and Governance in Asia (pp. 339-368). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203888681
Green, F. (2020) “Legal Transitions without Legitimate Expectations*,” Journal of Political Philosophy, 28(4), 397–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12231
Handoko, P. and Farida, A. (2021) “In the state administration system of Indonesia: No space for Khilafah!,” HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 77(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i4.6510
Haque, M. S. (2000). Significance of accountability under the new approach to public governance. International review of administrative sciences, 66(4), 599-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852300664004
Harefa, S. (2025). The Integration of Governance Theory in the Development of Equitable Legal Policies. Journal Governance Society, 2(3), 134-148. https://doi.org/10.69812/jgs.v2i3.188
Hasan, M. F. (2025). Educational authority and regulatory legitimacy: comparing normative systems in pesantren and public schools in Indonesia. Legal Pluralism and Critical Social Analysis, 57(2-3), 182-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/27706869.2025.2556586
Hemel, D.J. (2023) “Redistributive Regulations and Deadweight Loss,” Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 14(3), 407–436. https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2024.3
Iza Rumesten, R. S., Putri, V. S., Fitryantica, A., Adi, M. B., Wicaksono, A. H., Yassine, C., & Muhtar, M. H. (2024). Unraveling the challenges in implementing final and binding decisions of administrative courts: A critical study. Migration Letters, 21(S2), 600-614.
Jreisat, J. (2004). Governance in a globalizing world. International journal of public administration, 27(13-14), 1003-1029. https://doi.org/10.1081/PAD-200039883
Kamber, K. (2022). The right to a fair online hearing. Human Rights Law Review, 22(2), ngac006. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngac006
Kim, H. (2017). Bridging the theoretical gap between public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 15(2), 293-326.
Kim, K. (2023). Analysing Indonesia’s infrastructure deficits from a developmentalist perspective. Competition & Change, 27(1), 115-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211043355
KimDaein (2018) “A Study on the Unification of Administrative Appeals Tribunal System - Focusing on the Relationship between Central Administrative Appeals Tribunal and City/Provincial Administrative Appeals Tribunal -,” Public Law Journal, 19(1), 339–368. https://doi.org/10.31779/plj.19.1.201802.011
Kurniawan, R., Irawan, A., & Alfarisi, M. S. (2024). Sengketa Administrasi Negara Menilai Kritis Peran Ombudsman Dalam Penyelesaiannya. The Juris, 8(1), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.56301/juris.v8i1.1289
Kusumaningsih, R. (2025) “Penguatan Kapasitas PTUN Dalam Menjalankan Fungsi Pemerintahan Melalui Electronic Government (E-Government) Sebagai Perwujudan Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik,” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(3), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v3i3.550
Maha Putra, E.A. (2024) “Konsep Ideal Pengujian Peraturan Kebijakan (beleidsregel) Di Indonesia,” Wijaya Putra Law Review, 3(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.38156/wplr.v3i1.179
Malik, D. A., Gusela, M. D., Azfa, S. H., Fauziansah, S., & Rosidin, U. (2024). Navigating the Labyrinth: A Normative Juridical Analysis of Legal Politics and Policy Formulation in Indonesia. Enigma in Law, 2(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.61996/law.v2i1.82
Meijer, A., ’t Hart, P., & Worthy, B. (2018). Assessing government transparency: An interpretive framework. Administration & Society, 50(4), 501-526. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715598341
Nason, S. (2017). Administrative justice in Wales: a new egalitarianism?. Journal of Social Welfare and family laW, 39(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2016.1272793
Natsir, M. K. K., & SH, M. (2025). Hukum Administrasi Negara. Hukum Administrasi Negara: Teori, Regulasi dan Praktik Pemerintahan, 110.
Paramitha, A. A., Widodo, I. S., Amin, F., Widodo, M. F. S., Kamil, H., Muhtar, M. H., ... & Gazali, M. (2023). Hukum administrasi negara. Sada Kurnia Pustaka.
Parrillo, N. R. (Ed.). (2017). Administrative law from the inside out: essays on themes in the work of Jerry L. Mashaw. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316671641
Pathony, T., Umam, F. C., Tamrin, A. M. H., Muiz, A., & Isfaatun, E. (2025). Bureaucratic Reform in Improving the Quality of Public Services. The Journal of Academic Science, 2(2), 655-664. https://doi.org/10.59613/ecbks611
Postema, G. J. (2019). Bentham and the common law tradition. UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793052.001.0001
Pramono, W., Hariadi, B., Mulia, R. A., Putri, R. P., Meilina, S., & Suryaningsih, S. (2024). A Literature Review on the Impact of Legal Reforms on Administrative Efficiency in Local Governments. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi, 4(1), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.69989/xavgc910
Purnama, T.Y. and Manitra, R.R.M. (2023) “The proposal for the implementation of elections in Indonesia: a framework based on the presidential system,” Wacana Hukum, 29(2), 181–205. https://doi.org/10.33061/wh.v29i2.9815
Putri, V. S., Ahmad, A., & Muhtar, M. H. (2024). Antara Otoritas dan Otonomi: Pertautan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Praktik Eksekusi Putusan PTUN: Perlindungan HAM dalam Eksekusi Upaya Paksa Terhadap Putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Jurnal Konstitusi, 21(3), 392-412. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2133
Rahayu, D. P., Rustamaji, M., Faisal, F., & Sari, R. (2025). Legal effectiveness of business contracts in tin mining: Socio-legal and governance challenges in corporate–community relations in Indonesia. Resources Policy, 111, 105767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105767
Safitri, E.D. and Sa’adah, N. (2021) “Penerapan Upaya Administratif Dalam Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara,” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 3(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v3i1.34-45
Safiuddin, S., Sensu, L., Tatawu, G., & Dewa, M. J. (2024). Analisis Hukum Upaya Administratif dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Keputusan Tata Usaha. Halu Oleo Legal Research, 6(3), 773-780. https://doi.org/10.33772/holresch.v6i3.416
Siddiq, N., & Salam, R. (2025). Enhancing Legal Certainty through Legal Reform in Indonesia: Problems and Efforts to Strengthen Legal Institutions. Strata Law Review, 3(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.59631/slr.v3i1.62
Sopyan, Y., Rohayana, A. D., & Yahya, I. (2022). Islamic Law as the Authoritative Source in State Administration of Indonesia. Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, 8(2), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v8i2.6195
Sugianto, F., & Tokuyama, S. (2025). Beyond Administrative Sanctions: Reforming Insider Trading Regulation to Strengthen Investor Protection in Indonesia. Jurnal Media Hukum, 32(2), 210-228. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v32i2.26257
Syaroni, I., & Widyaningrum, T. (2024). Peningkatan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa administrasi negara melalui pendekatan alternatif. Wacana Paramarta: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 23(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.32816/paramarta.v23i1.566
Untoro, U. (2018) “Self-Rescpect dan Kesadaran Hukum Pejabat Tata Usaha Negara Menuju Keadilan,” Pandecta: Research Law Journal, 13(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v13i1.7856
Usada, A., & Saputra, R. (2025). Criminal Justice vs Administrative Justice in Corruption Cases: The Urgency of Criminal Justice Reform in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Crime and Criminal Justice, 1(3), 408-435. https://doi.org/10.62264/ijccj.v1i3.203
Viejo-Rose, D. (2016). Reconstructing heritage in the aftermath of civil war: Re-visioning the nation and the implications of international involvement. In Political Culture, Soft Interventions and Nation Building (pp. 7-30). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315761008
Voermans, W., ten Napel, H. M., & Passchier, R. (2015). Combining efficiency and transparency in legislative processes. The theory and practice of legislation, 3(3), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/20508840.2015.1133398
West, W. F. (2004). Formal procedures, informal processes, accountability, and responsiveness in bureaucratic policy making: An institutional policy analysis. Public Administration Review, 64(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00347.x
Widhi Antoro, B.H. (2021) “Pengujian Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Di Ptun,” Jurnal Yudisial, 13(2), 207. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v13i2.350
Yassine, C. et al. (2024) “Admissibility of Lawsuits Based on Interest under Algerian Civil and Administrative Procedures,” Jambura Law Review, 6(2), 286–303. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v6i2.24309
Zaid, M., Musa, M., & Asmarasari, B. (2025). 'Novum'in Indonesian Criminal Justice: Problems and Legal Reform. Indonesian Journal of Crime and Criminal Justice, 1(1), 55-88. https://doi.org/10.62264/ijccj.v1i1.121
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Public Representative and Society Provision
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
